Then I asked google. I found this site, and it says,
As it turns out sheum is a perfectly good Akkadian (ancient northern Mesopotamian) name for a grain dating to the third millennium B.C.37 This term, se um, (the s is pronounced sh in semitic languages) was a term by which these ancient Near Eastern peoples referred to barley, although it could also be applied to other kinds of grains. Book of Mormon peoples seem to have applied this Old World name to some New World crop.How exciting to have my revelation verified so quickly! I am getting more and more confident in listening to the promptings of the spirit. Who would think learning the definition of a word for barley could be so exciting.
I also learned that people used to complain that the Book of Mormon listed barley as a grain, since no archeologists could find any evidence of barley in the Americas before the white man came. This site states that:
Only in 1982 was evidence published demonstrating the presence of cultivated pre-Columbian barley in the New World (Sorenson, 1985, p. 184).